Causes of Sinkholes
in Florida
Florida is especially vulnerable to sinkhole activity because much of the state sits atop limestone bedrock and experiences constant groundwater fluctuation. When underground cavities form and supporting soils lose stability, the ground above can settle or collapse.
Understanding the primary drivers of sinkhole formation helps identify risk early and protect your property.
Limestone Bedrock and Karst Geology
Much of Florida rests on limestone, a soft, soluble rock that gradually dissolves when exposed to naturally acidic groundwater. Over time, this process creates underground voids and cavities within the bedrock.
As these cavities enlarge, the soil above may lose support. When the overlying layers can no longer bridge the gap, they may collapse into the void below, leading to surface settlement or structural damage.
Fluctuating Water Tables
Groundwater levels in Florida regularly rise and fall due to seasonal rainfall, drought cycles, and storm activity. When groundwater drops significantly, it removes buoyant support from underground cavities.
Rapid increases in water levels can also accelerate soil erosion into voids. These repeated fluctuations place stress on already weakened subsurface areas and increase the likelihood of collapse.
Heavy Rainfall and Stormwater Infiltration
Florida’s intense rainstorms can quickly saturate soil and increase downward pressure into existing underground cavities. Prolonged rainfall or flooding may also wash loose soil into limestone voids, enlarging them over time.
After major storm events, homeowners may notice new cracking or ground settlement due to these sudden subsurface changes.
Human Activity and Groundwater Withdrawal
Construction, well drilling, mining, and excessive groundwater pumping can disrupt natural underground balance. Lowering the water table reduces internal support, while added surface loads increase pressure on unstable soils.
In some cases, leaking underground utilities or altered drainage patterns may contribute to localized soil washout, accelerating sinkhole development.
Concerned About Possible Sinkhole Activity?
Schedule a professional evaluation to determine whether subsurface instability is affecting your property and identify the right stabilization solution before further damage occurs.